Isticmaalka Lacagaha-Qalaad (Dollarization) Iyo Dhaqaalaha Somaliland Warsame M. Axmed Bare Cilmiga Dhaqalaha Ah

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Somaliland waxa ay mar labaad xornimadeedii la soo noqotay 1991-kii. Isla markaana, dhaxashay nidaam-dhaqaale iyo mid siyasadeed oo ibtilaysan. Xidhiidhka shacabka iyo dawladda ee murugsan waa mid ku qotoma kalsooni la’aanta dadku ay ku qabeen hay’adaha nidaamka dawladnimo. Badalida xaladaasina waa mid u baahan toosin iyo turxaan bixin qotodheer.
Nidaam-yarantadawladnimo ee Somaliland ayaa aad uga muuqata dhinacyo badan oo ay ka mid yihiin; gar-soorka iyo cadaaladda, arimaha bulshada, iyo dhaqalaha. Arimaha aan soo sheegnay badankooda aya ah qaar si uun loogu xalin karo dhaqankeena, lakin marka ay timaad siyasadda dhaqale way adag tahay in dhaqanka dib loogu noqdo ,sababta oo ah dhaqankeena waa mid ku qotoma wadaaga, is-kalmaysiga iyo wax isa-siinta. Nidamka dhaqale ee ay dunidu manta isticmaasho assaas kiisu waa; tartan, hanti-goosi iyo muruq-maalasho.Hadaba taas ayaa keentay in mamulka habaka-dhaqaale ee Somaliland uu noqdo mid murugsan.

Dhawaan ayay dawlada Somaliland si lama filaan ah ugu dhawaaqday joojinta lacagaha qalaad ee lagu isticmaalo mobile-da sida Zaad-ka iyo e-dahab-ka; iyada oo dawladdu ka biyo diiday Shilinka Somaliland ee qimehiisu hoos u yara dhacay dhawanahan danbe.

SOOYAALKA SHILINKA SOMALILAND
Sanadku marki uu aha 1994-tii ayaa dawladii Maxamed X. Ibrahim Egal (Alle ha u naxariste) dalka u soo dabacday lacag cusub oo loogu magac daray Shilinka Somaliland. Xiligaa waxa lagu sarifayay $1 ilaa SLsh 50, maanta oo tariikhdu tahay 23/04/2015 waxa lagu badalanayaa $1 ilaa SLsh 7000 taasi waxa ay ku tusaysaa qiima dhaca aad u sareeyaa ku yimi shilinka Somaliland in uu kor u dhaafay 14,000 boqolkiiba.

ARIMAHA KEENA QIIME-DHACA (DEPRECIATION) LACAGAHA
Arimo badan ayaa keeni kara hoos u dhaca ku yimaada qiimaha-dhaca (depreciation) lacageed ee wadan leeyahay, waxana ka mid ah:
I. Yaranta wax-soosaarka wadan, ayaa keena liidashada dalbashada lacagta wadankaasi; marka loo eego wadamada ay kala ganacsadaan.
II. Haddi ay dawladu dan moodo siyaasad dhaqale-balaadhin iyada oo isticmalaysa lacag-daabacasho faro badan (expansionary monetary policies )
III. Haddi wadan uu ka jiro sixir-barar iyada oo ayna kala sinanayn wadanada kale ee ay wax kala iibsadaan.
IV. Wadanada soo-koraya ayaa iyana waxa ka qayb qaata qiime-dhaca lacagtooda, isticmaalka lacagaha qalaad ee wadanka gudihiisa( dollarization).

ISTICMAALKA LACAGAHA QALAAD
Si aynu u iftimino walaca dawlada Somaliland ee ku aadan dhicnaca hoos u dhaca qiimaha Shilinka Somaliland , waxa aynu eegi doona sababaha keeni kara isticmaalka lacagaha qalaad( dollarization). Isticmaalka dollar-ku kuma cusba cusub Somaliland iyo calamka intiisa kaleba. Isticmalka lacagaha qalaad waa arin siyaasadeed, bulsho iyo dhaqaale oo caalami ah, taas oon ku ekayn xili iyo meel. Wadanka Panama ayaa lacagtiisa toos ugu badashay dollar-ka sanad ku markii uu ahaa 1904kii.
Somaliland gudeheeda waxa lacagaha qalaad oo Dollar-ku hormuud ka yahay la adeegsan jiran ilaaa nidaamki aan la-mahadin ee siyaad bare. Manta, Dolla-ka waxa lagu isticmalaa; bixinta kiroyinka, bisha iskuulada, hudhelada, tigidada diyaradaha, korontada, mushaharad, iibsiga dhulka iyo guryaha iwm.
Haddaba, garashada sabab-ha ka qaybqatay isticmaalka lacagaha qaalaad ee gudaha Somaliland ayaa u bahan cilim badhis, lakin waxa la tilmaami karaa arimo badan oo keeni kara isticmalka lacagaha qalaad.
1. Sideedaba dadku waxa ay door-bidaan lacagaha fudud. Ma jecla in ay kiish lacag ah suuqa la wareegan. Qiime-dhaca aad ka u sareeya ee Shilika Somalilandayaa ka dhigay mid aad u culus adeegsina aan ku haboonayn.
2. Bangiga dhexe ee Somaliland waa hay’adda ka mas’uulka ah soo daabicida lacagta Somaliland, ilaalinteeda iyo jaangoynteeda, lakiin ma aha xarun u igman shaqadi loo assaasay.
a. Hor iyo horaan ba,Shaqada banka dhexe waa mid maamul iyo maaraynShilinka Somaliland, la socoshada hawlaha bunuugta kale; iyo ilaalinta suuqa lacagaha iyo maalgashiga. Bangiga dhexe ee Somaliland waxa uu hawshi loo igmaday ku darsaday mida bangi-ganacsi, isla markaana furaa xisaabo shaqsi iyo mid dawladeedba .
b. Mida kale, bangiga dhexa waxa uu ku guul daraystay in uu jaangooyo sarifka lacagaha gacanta u gashay shaqsiyaad ka ganacsada sarifka lacagaha. Waxa aad u yaab badan in aad bangiga-dhexe gudihiisa ka heli karto sarifle dhex-taagan oo hawshiisa wata.
c. Inta waxa dheer, lama yaqaan cadadk lacagta ee bangiga dhexa soo dabaco lamana wadagaan shacabka Somaliland.
Sababaha kor ku xusan ayaa keenay in Shilinka Somaliland noqdo mid aan la’aqoon meesha laga hago.
3. Ganacsatada Somaliland waxa ay fursad dahabi ah u heleen ka ganacsiga dal aan lahayn dawlad la xisaabtanta. Ganacsiga soodajinta iyo dhofintu waxa uu ku qotomaa nidamka Franko Valuta-da. Franko Valuta-du waa nidaam loo isticmaal soodajinta iyo dhofinta iyoda oo shaqsiga raba in shay dhoofiyo ama soodajiyo uu isagu suuqa ka urursado lacagta qalaad (tusaale, Dollar) ee uu bahadid u qabo, kuna dirsada xawaladaha ama boorsadba ku qaata. Nidamkan ayaa ah mid fawdo badan haddi aan la qorshayn keenina kara hoos u dhaca-qiimaha lacageed.
4. Xawaaladaha iyo bunuugta kooban ee wadanka ayaa xisaabohodu (accounts) ku salaysan yihiin lacagaha qalaad. Taas oo keentay qofku in uu lacag qalaad ku kayd-sado dhigaalkiisa (savings). Tan ayaa iyadna yaraysay isticmaalka Shilinka Somaliland keenina karta hoos u dhaca qiimaha shilinka Somaliland
5. Lacagta mobile-ka(mobile money) lagu kaydsado oo ah nidaam casri ah ayaa aad uga hir galasyha dalkan Somaliland. Adeegan waxa uu qayb ka noqday nolol maalmeedka shaqsiga iyo ganacsigaba. Lacagtan-mobil-ku kuma eka oo qudha xawilaada lakiin wax ay gaadhay heer lagu doorsan karo Shilinka xaashida ah( cash replacement) taas oo sababi karta yaraynta isticmalka shilinka Somaliland.
6. Lacagta sharciga ah ee Somaliland waa Shilinka Somaliland. Sharciga-fulinta iyo dawladihi kala danbeeyay ee Somaliland waxa ay aad uga gaabiyeen seetadana u dheereyeen isticmaalka lacagaha-qalaad. Tan ayaana assaas u ah isticmalka lacagaha qalaad ee wadanka gudihiisa.
Haddaba, marka aan eegno arimaha kor ku xusan ayaa waxa muuqataa hoos u dhaca shilinka Somaliland in ay sababi karaan arimo badan oo xidhiidh ka dhexeeyo. Sidaa dartee, joojinta dollor-ka lagu isticmalo lacagta-mobile ku, kalideed, noqon mayso mid xasilooni ku keenta Shilinka Somaliland, joojisana isticmalka dollar-ka. Si kastaba ha ahatee, waxa aan u soo jeedinayaa cidii ay xukhsayso in mar kasta ay haboon tahay in daraasad baladhan la sameeyo inta aan laab-lakac iyo ra’yi kaldan lagu majaro habaabin siyasadda dhaqalaha ee dalka.

 

Warsame M. Axmed
Bare,Cilmiga Dhaqalaha Ah

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