Waa maxay ECTN? ECTN waa electronic cargo truck note—warbixin digital ah oo lagu diwaan galiyo xamuulka markab kasta oo u socda dal kale, ka hor inta aan dekedda dalkaas lagu soo xidhin. Waxaa loogu talogalay in lagu xakameeyo, lagu kormeero, laguna saadaliyo xamuulka, si loo yareeyo khatarta musuqmaasuqa, dib u dhaca iyo khilaafaadka ku saab hantida. Hadaba yaa sharciyan iyo waaqi ahaanba ku soo rogi kara dekeddaha Somaliland in laga hirgaliyo nidaamkan? Maxayse shuruucda caalamiga ahi ka qaban arrintan?
Port Jurisdiction Rule: Mabda’a Caalamiga ah ee Go’aamiya Cidda Sharci-gu awood u siiyo mamulka Dekedaha.
Dekedaha dunida iyo ganacsiga caalamiga ah, waxaa jira mabda’ sharci oo aad muhiim u ah oo lagu magacaabo Port Jurisdiction Rule. Waa xeer qeexaya cidda leh awoodda sharciyeed, maamulka, iyo go’aamada ku saabsan deked kasta—ha noqoto amni, canshuur, hab-maamuus ama xeer kasta oo lagu dabaqo maraakiibta ka shiraacda ama ku soo xidhata.
Mabda’ani waxa uu udub dhexaad u yahay sida dunidu u kala maamusho dekedaha iyo sida maraakiibta caalamku u raacaan xeerarka ports-ka.
1. Waa Maxay Port Jurisdiction Rule?
Port Jurisdiction Rule wuxuu dhigayaa in:
> Deked kasta waxaa sharci ahaan xukuma oo maamula hay’adda gacanta ku haysa dhulka, amniga iyo maamulka dekeddaas—waana cidda keliya ee sharci dejin karta.
Tani waxay ku salaysan tahay laba mabda’ oo sharci caalamiya ah:
• Territorial Sovereignty (UNCLOS Article 2).
• Effective Administrative Control (International Maritime Practice)
Labadaas mabda’ waxay abuurayaan in:
• Cidda maamusha dekedda siyaasiyan iyo maamul ahaan ay tahay dawlada dekedda gacanta ku haysa “Port State Authority” .
• Dal kale ama hay’ad kale in aanay xeer ku soo rogi karin deked aanay maamulin.
2. Maxay Ka Dhigan Tahay Xagga Dhaqanka Caalamiga ah?
Mabda’ani wuxuu sheegaya:
Cidda haysata dekedda dhaqan ahaan (de facto) iyo sharci ahaan ayaa dejisa:
• Port tariffs.
• Customs rules.
• ECTN / cargo tracking.
• ISPS security procedures.
• Shipping line requirements.
Marna ma dhici karto in dal ama hay’ad sharci kusoo rogi karto deked aaanay maamulin.
Sidaas darteed:
Awoodda dekeddu waa territorially-based, ma aha politically-claimed.
3. Maxay inoo cadeeyeen Xeerarka Badda ee Caalamiga ah?
UNCLOS wuxuu cadeeyaa:
• Dekeduhu waxay ku jiraan internal waters, waxaana sharci ahaan xukuma cidda gacanta ku haysa dhulkaasi.
• UNCLOS ma siinayo dawlad kale ama hay’ad kale awood ay ku maamusho deked aanay maamulin.
Uruurka Caalamiga ah ee Baddu (IMO) wuxuu ku shaqeeyaa mabda’a:
Port State Control, oo qeexaya in maraakiibta imanaya deked kasta ay raacaan xeerarka Dawlada maamusha dekeda “State that controls the port” (defacto or dejure) .
Tani waxay meesha ka saaraysaa:
• Sheegasho siyaasadeed,
• Awood sharci la’aan ah,
• Iyo isku dayga lagu faragelinayo deked aanad maamulin.
5. Muhiimadda Mabda’ani Leeyahay
Port Jurisdiction Rule wuxuu ilaalinayaa:
• Hab-sami u socodka ganacsiga badda.
• Xeer-nadaafadda sharci ee ports-ka.
• Amniga iyo maamul wanaaga.
• Kalsoonida shipping companies caalamiga ah.
Haddii dalal ama hay’ado si sharci-darro ah u farageliyaan deked aanay maamulin, waxa dhici kara:
• jahawareer ganacsi,
• khilaaf caalami ah,
• iyo khatar ku timaadda amniga badda oo ay maraan 90% ganacsiga aduunku.
Ugu dambayntii, waxaan ku soo afmeerayaa Dawlada Somaliland iyada ayaa ka masuul ah maamulka dakaddeheeda iyo baddeedaba. Cid aan Dawlada Somaliland ahaynina kuma talin karto, kamana fulin karto sharci ama nidaam maamul oo khuseeya maaraynta dekedaha iyo badaha JSL. Hayada Dekedaha Somaliland waxay hada gacanta ku haysaa oo gebogabo ku dhaw nidaam ECTN iyada u gaar ah, dekedaheedana ka dhaqan gali doona dhawaan hadii Alle Idmo.
Mareeyaha Hay’adda Dekedaha Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland Garyaqaan Cali Maalin tacab