HargeisaPress —Ugu horeyn waa in la diyaarriyo Siyaasadda Arrimaha Dibadda ee Somaliland (Somaliland Foreign Policy). Isla markaana, rukunkeeda kowaad laga dhiggo mid u adeeggaya wax wada qabsiga Somaliland, dalalka la jaarka ah iyo guud ahaan caalamka intiisa kale dhinacyada dhaqaalaha, nabad-galyada iyo siyaasadda horumarka ku dhisan ee xasillooni raadis ka ah.
Ammuurtani waxay meesha ka saareysaa jiritaanka cabsida waddamada jaarka iyo kuwa caalamku ka qabaan in ay Somaliland dal madaxbanaan noqoto. Si arrintan loo hirgaliyo waa in Wasaarrad ahaan la sameeyaa shanta rukun ee Siyaasadda Arrimaha Dibadda ka maqan ee ay Somaliland u baahan tahay si ay masaalaxeeda u ilaashato. Isla markaana, cabsida adduunyadda kaga jirta gaar ahaan waddamada Africa looga saaro. Shantan barnaamij ee ay Somaliland u baahan tahay haddii sideeda loo fuliyo waxa laga gaadhi karaa horumar aad u balaadhan siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Somaliland.
Agenda Setting: Waa in si toos ah loo ogaadaa caqabadaha Somaliland kaga imanaya adduunyadda inteeda kale, ka hor inta aanney dhicin. Si la iskugu diyaariyo habkii iyo qaabkii loo wajahi lahaa hadba fikirka iyo aragtida adduunyadu kaa qabto, iyada oo la adeegsanyo saaxiibtinimada waddamada mandaqadda ee aynnu saaxiibka dhaw nahay. Tani waxay sahleysaa in talaabooyin kasta oo loo qaado dhinacyada dhaqaalaha, amniga iyo siyaasadduba ay noqdaan kuwa faa’ido laga gaadhi karo.
Formulation: Waa in aqoonyahanadda Somaliland ay leedahay oo ogol in si tabarucaad ah talo u bixiyaan loo yeedho. Si ay u sameeyaan Manuals Siyaasadda Arrimaha Dibadda ee dalalka adduunka lagu wajaheyo innaga oo naqaan dal walba masaalixiisa iyo Siyaasaddiisa Arrimaha Dibaddu waxa ay tahay. Tani waxa ay dhib yareynaysaa in aad ka hor fikirto waddan wal oo aad la macaamileyso adiga oo quluubtiisa ka hadlaya, dantaada na si qabow oo degan uga fushanaya.
Adoptation: Waa in la qayaxaa Siyaasadda Arrimaha Dibadda ee ugu haboon ee shanta sanno ama saddexda sanno ee soo socda ay Somaliland ku shaqeyneyso. Waxa aan sidan u leeyahay siyaasaddaha waddamada adduunku waxa jira wax la yidhaa (Regional and International Dynamics). Waana wax aan istaagin oo is badbadala. Sidaas oo ay tahay waa in la la socdaa dynamics iyo gadgadoonka siyaasadda ee waddamada dantu isaga keen xidhan tahay.
Implementation: Cidda fullineysa ee qaadeysa fariinta siyaasadeed ee dalkeenu geynayo adduunyadda. Sida wakiillada dalalka aynnu ku leenahay, ashkhaasta aqoonyahanka ah ee xidhiidhka adduunyada la leh, axsaabta mucaaridka ah, iyada oo ay dawladdu ku hoggaamineyso masuuliyadda ugu weyna ay leedahay Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibaddu. Sidoo kale waa in dhaqaale sax ah oo meel yaal loo qoondeeyo si ay asal innoogu ahaato in qarannimadeena ka run sheegno.
Evaluation: Sidii Lixdii biloodba mar loo qiimayn lahaa waxa innoo shaqeeyey iyo waxa aan inoo shaqeyn. Iyada oo marwalba daraasaddahaas qiimeynta ku saleysani ay si toos ah u soconeynayaan oo aan joogsi lahayn. Oggow is qiimeyntu waa asalka horumarka iyo kabashada dayaca oo horu-socod bud-dhig u yahay eh.
Arrimaha Dibloomaasiyadda
Arrintani waa shaqada ugu mihimsan ee Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda, waana meesha kaliya ee siyaasad ahaan ka tamarin karno, waxa ay u baahan tahay shaqo aad u balaadhan in laga sameeyo. Waana mihim in khariidad loo sameeyo ay ku shaqeyso diblamaasiyaddeenu, iyada oo la kaashanayo sirdoonka qaranka oo leh qaybtiisa Arrimaha Dibadda. Waana halka wasaaraddu marwalba ka cusbooneysiinayso kana dardar-galineyso halka ay wax marayaan. Waa in aynu la soconaa siyaasadaha waddama Soomaaliya, Itoobiya iyo Jabuuti ee ku wajahan Somaliland. Sidoo kale waa in aynnu la soconaa siyaasadda UK, USA, EU, Jaamacadda Carabta, AU iyo Hay’aadka Caalamiga ah sida UN, World Bank iyo kuwa la mid ka ah. Si guud ahaan waddamadan iyo hay’aadkan isha loogu hayo waxa laga ma maarmaan ah in la isticmaallo farsamooyinkan hoos ku xusan:-
Unilaterally: Waxa loo baahan yahay in lagu kaliyeysto maacaamilka dawliga ah ee la sameynayo goor iyo ayaan, iyada oo wax walbaaba sir yihiin cid kasta na aad ujeedo gaar ah ka leedahay. Sababta oo ah dalalka iyo hay’aadka caalamiga ahi ba waa kala ujeedo oo mid ba gaar kiisa ayuu hawshiisa siyaasiga ah u wataa, in aad taa raacdo oo aad fahamkeeda yeellato si gaar gaar ahna ula macaamisho waa laga ma maarmaan, iyada oo midba midka kale aannu waxba kala socon sida aad u xaalleysaan. Tusaale ahaan, sida aynu u rabno in aynu ula macaamilno Itoobiya iyo waxa aynu u sheegayno iyada oo laga ilaalinayo in cid kale oggaato.
Bilateral: Waxa u baahan in aynu dal kula heshiino ee uu dalkaasi raali ka yahay. Tusaale ahaan, siyaasad ay Etoobiya ama Kenya dooneyso in ay fuliso oo innagana aan wax badan ina yeelayn oo aynu ku garab galno inaga oo wax kale oo aynu u baahanahay siisaneyna.
Multilateral: Waxa u baahan in aynu dalal badan kala shaqeyno. Tusaale ahaan dannaha iyo masaalaxa Jabuuti, Itoobiya, UK, USA iyo dalalka Carabta. Ujeedooyinkan waa in ay noqdaan kuwa loo yaqaan danta caamka ah ee iyagu ba ay ka mideysan yihiin adna aad tusayso doorkaaga si guud iyo si gaar ahba. Waxa waajib ah marwal oo uu door inooga bannaan yahay in la la galo wacad siyaasi ah kalana shaqeyno wixii danteena ah.
Deterrence: Sidii loogu dadaali lahaa in Realistic Foreign Policy ga mandaqada iyo caalamka ba la la socdo. Innaga oo xooga saareyna in ciidankeena xoojino. Dhinacyada tayada, farsamada, tirada iyo qalabkaba. Isla markaana, sirdoon xoog badan oo mandaqada oo dhan ka hawlgala looaydhisi lahaa.
Intaa ciddii laga helo ayaa wax la isaga tiriyaa caalamkan aynnu joogno, marka ay siyaasad arrimo dibaddeed noqoto.
Diyaarad la raaco iyo in hadba meel la dawarsado meel ay dal ahaan inna gayn kartaa ma jirto.
Mohamed Hagi Mohamoud. Department of Politics and International Studies. The University of Warwick. Email:m.hagi-mohamoud@warwick.ac.uk, mohamedomar1@hotmail.com.